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Updated: May 5, 2026

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Published on: May 16, 2015
Neonatal encephalopathy: when the diagnosis is not hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Jacob Christopher Sutton Reading1, Martin Smith2, Robin Joseph3
1Paediatrics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK jake.reading@doctors.org.uk.
None:
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) presents as reduced consciousness, often with seizures, abnormal tone, feeding and respiratory difficulties. The most common cause is secondary to a hypoxic-ischaemic event. However, there are many important diagnoses that can also present as NE, so-called 'hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) mimics'. This paper, aimed at paediatric trainees, aims to describe clinical situations in which a diagnosis other than HIE should be suspected, the differential diagnoses to consider and appropriate investigations.
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