Are Animal Models Necessary? Exploring (Dis)advantages and Alternatives

Ana Isabel Guimarães1,2

  • 1Pharmacology and Neurobiology Laboratory of the Immunophysiology and Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Summary

Animal models remain vital for scientific research, aiding in understanding human conditions. This essay explores their ethical considerations, benefits, drawbacks, and emerging alternatives.