Key Anodic Interfacial Phenomena and their Control in Next-Generation Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Next-generation battery development hinges on understanding complex anodic interface phenomena.
• Anodic interfaces govern ion transport and charge transfer kinetics, critical for battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review key interfacial processes at battery anodes.
• To analyze the influence of electrolyte compositions and additives on interfacial behavior.
• To compare characterization techniques for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers.

Main Methods:

• Theoretical review of electrochemical double-layer formation (Gouy-Chapman model).
• Analysis of metal nucleation, growth, and SEI development.
• Evaluation of electrolyte solutions (low-, high-, localized high-concentration) and additives.
• Comparative assessment of SEI characterization techniques.

Main Results:

• Detailed examination of interfacial thermodynamics and kinetics.
• Insights into how electrolyte strategies and additives modify interfacial properties.
• Strengths and limitations of SEI characterization methods in aqueous and nonaqueous systems identified.

Conclusions:

• Optimizing anodic interfaces is key to enhancing safety and efficiency in future battery technologies.
• Understanding interfacial processes guides the design of advanced nonaqueous metal battery systems.