Actinomycosis in a Gallbladder Specimen: A Case Report

Actinomycosis is a chronic, granulomatous infection caused by Actinomyces species, a group of anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria commonly found in the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal, and female genital tracts. Although it predominantly affects the cervicofacial region, rare manifestations such as gallbladder actinomycosis can occur. This report presents a case of gallbladder actinomycosis in a 61-year-old man who presented with a two-week history of right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, nausea, and vomiting. Imaging revealed biliary obstruction with common bile duct stones, leading to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Histopathological examination identified Actinomyces species, confirmed by Gram, PAS, and Grocott staining. While prolonged antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of treatment, localized infections with complete surgical excision may not necessitate extended antibiotic use, as highlighted in this case.