Finite element analysis and its application in Orthopaedics: A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomechanics
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Orthopedic surgery and traumatology require cost-effective and reproducible research methods.
• Finite Element (FE) simulation models have become crucial for consistent biomechanical investigations.
• Finite Element Analysis (FEA), originating in aviation, is now integral to modern orthopedic research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolution and impact of FEA in orthopedic surgery.
• To highlight the methodologies, applications, and challenges of FEA in orthopedics.
• To discuss future advancements in FEA for orthopedic research and treatment.

Main Methods:

• FEA involves preprocessing, solution, and postprocessing stages.
• Methodologies include generic and patient-specific approaches.
• Accurate material property assignment and boundary conditions are essential.

Main Results:

• FEA significantly impacts orthopedic surgery by elucidating biomechanics and post-implantation responses.
• Applications span pathophysiology, implant design, fracture fixation, bracing, and preoperative planning.
• FEA has revolutionized surgical methods and treatment planning.

Conclusions:

• FEA is a vital tool in orthopedic research, offering insights into complex biomechanical systems.
• Despite drawbacks like oversimplification and validation issues, FEA's role is expanding.
• Future FEA developments promise enhanced accuracy, active muscle simulation, and standardized procedures for improved orthopedic outcomes.