Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Long-term Outcomes of Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Infancy: Time for a Reassessment?

Progress in pediatric cardiology·2026

Same author

Cavoatrial Partial Heart Transplant: Ex Vivo Feasibility of a Novel Fontan Conduit.

Annals of thoracic surgery short reports·2026

Same author

Short- and long-term outcomes of systemic semilunar valve replacement in neonates and infants.

NPJ cardiovascular health·2026

Same author

A call to redefine cardiovascular immunobiology around leukocyte plasticity.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2026

Same author

Protocol for partial heart transplantation of the pulmonary valve in a swine model: surgical technique, postoperative care, assessments and outcomes.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)·2026

Same author

Could Corneal Experience Benefit Semilunar Valve Partial Heart Transplantation?

Pediatric transplantation·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Published on: June 8, 2022

Options for pediatric heart valve replacement.

Eli Contorno^1,2, Herra Javed^1,2, Louis Steen¹

¹Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Future Cardiology

|January 9, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric heart valve replacement options have limitations. Current mechanical, tissue, and autograft valves present risks or hinder growth, necessitating innovation for better pediatric outcomes.

Keywords:

Congenital heart disease bioprosthetic heart valves mechanical heart valves partial heart transplantation valve disease valve replacement

More Related Videos

A Rodent Model of The Ross Operation: Syngeneic Pulmonary Artery Graft Implantation in A Systemic Position

A Rodent Model of The Ross Operation: Syngeneic Pulmonary Artery Graft Implantation in A Systemic Position

Published on: April 1, 2022

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

Published on: September 21, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Published on: June 8, 2022

A Rodent Model of The Ross Operation: Syngeneic Pulmonary Artery Graft Implantation in A Systemic Position

A Rodent Model of The Ross Operation: Syngeneic Pulmonary Artery Graft Implantation in A Systemic Position

Published on: April 1, 2022

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

Published on: September 21, 2021

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Pediatric Surgery
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Pediatric heart valve disease requires surgical intervention.
Current heart valve replacements include mechanical, xenograft, allograft, and autograft options.
Each valve type presents distinct advantages and disadvantages for pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of heart valve replacement options for children.
To highlight the limitations and challenges associated with existing pediatric heart valve prostheses.
To emphasize the need for advancements in pediatric heart valve technology.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on pediatric heart valve replacement.
Comparative analysis of mechanical, xenograft, allograft, and autograft valve characteristics.
Evaluation of thrombogenic risks, structural durability, and growth potential.

Main Results:

Mechanical valves offer durability but pose thrombogenic risks requiring anticoagulation.
Tissue valves (xenograft, allograft) lack thrombogenic risks but have limited durability and do not support somatic growth.
Autograft and partial heart transplantation allow for growth but involve complex procedures and immunosuppression.
Pediatric heart valve replacement outcomes are generally inferior to adult outcomes.

Conclusions:

Existing heart valve replacement technologies have significant drawbacks for pediatric use.
The lack of somatic growth potential in current prostheses necessitates reoperations.
Further innovation is crucial to improve long-term outcomes for children with heart valve disease.