Emerging Artificial Synaptic Devices Based on Organic Semiconductors: Molecular Design, Structure and Applications

In modern computing, the Von Neumann architecture faces challenges such as the memory bottleneck, hindering efficient processing of large datasets and concurrent programs. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the brain's architecture, emerges as a promising alternative, offering unparalleled computational power while consuming less energy. Artificial synaptic devices play a crucial role in this paradigm shift. Various material systems, from organic to inorganic, have been explored for neuromorphic devices, with organic materials attracting attention for their excellent photoelectric properties, diverse material choices, and versatile preparation methods. Organic semiconductors, in particular, offer advantages over transition-metal dichalcogenides, including ease of preparation and flexibility, making them suitable for large-area organic films. This review focuses on emerging artificial synaptic devices based on organic semiconductors, discussing different branches within the organic semiconductor material system, various fabrication methods, device structure designs, and applications of organic artificial synapse. Critical considerations and challenges for achieving truly human-like dynamic perception in artificial systems based on organic semiconductors are also outlined, reflecting the ongoing evolution of neuromorphic computing.