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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.4K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.5K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
2.5K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.4K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.4K
Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

6.2K
Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
6.2K
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

261
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
261
Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

1.1K
Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...
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Altermagnetism: A Chemical Perspective.

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Altermagnets are novel magnetic materials with zero net magnetization but unique electronic properties. Their potential for charge-to-spin conversion makes them promising for spintronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Altermagnets are a new class of collinear, spin-compensated magnetic materials.
  • They exhibit net-zero magnetization but possess electronic behaviors similar to ferromagnets.
  • These properties arise from spin-split bands under specific symmetry conditions, independent of spin-orbit coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the essential criteria for achieving an altermagnetic phase.
  • To provide a qualitative derivation of electronic band structure and symmetry analysis using chemical principles.
  • To explore the potential of altermagnets in spintronic devices and review candidate materials.

Main Methods:

  • Symmetry analysis based on chemical principles.
  • Qualitative electronic band structure derivation.
  • Review of existing altermagnetic candidate materials.

Main Results:

  • Established fundamental criteria for altermagnetism.
  • Demonstrated a pathway for understanding altermagnetic band structures.
  • Identified altermagnets as promising for charge-to-spin conversion applications.

Conclusions:

  • Altermagnets offer unique properties stemming from symmetry, not spin-orbit coupling.
  • They represent a significant advancement in spintronics, particularly for charge-to-spin conversion.
  • Further research by chemists is crucial for advancing this emerging field.