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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

27.0K
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Assembly of a high-quality reference genome for the rat tapeworm <i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i>.

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Capsid flexibility during Ty1 virus-like particle assembly.

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Evolution of a Restriction Factor by Domestication of a Yeast Retrotransposon.

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Horizontal transfer and recombination fuel Ty4 retrotransposon evolution in <i>Saccharomyces</i>.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
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Horizontal Transfer and Recombination Fuel Ty4 Retrotransposon Evolution in Saccharomyces.

Jingxuan Chen1, David J Garfinkel2, Casey M Bergman1,3

  • 1Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E. Green St., Athens, GA, USA.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|January 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Horizontal transposon transfer (HTT) introduced the Ty4 retrotransposon subfamily into Saccharomyces yeasts multiple times. This horizontal transfer fueled the evolution of new retrotransposon clades through recombination.

Keywords:
genome evolutionhorizontal transferrecombinationretrotransposonyeast

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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

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Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Microbial Eukaryotes

Background:

  • Horizontal transposon transfer (HTT) significantly impacts eukaryotic genome evolution.
  • The evolutionary history and precise effects of most HTT events are not fully understood.
  • Investigating HTT in closely related microbial eukaryotes, like Saccharomyces yeasts, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the evolutionary history and impact of Ty4 retrotransposon subfamily transfer within the Saccharomyces genus.
  • To understand the mechanisms and consequences of horizontal retrotransposon transfer in microbial eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed Ty4 retrotransposon subfamily content and sequence evolution across the Saccharomyces genus.
  • Utilized short- and long-read whole genome sequencing data.
  • Incorporated new PacBio genome assemblies for Saccharomyces mikatae strains.

Main Results:

  • Identified multiple independent HTT events introducing the Ty4 subfamily into various Saccharomyces lineages.
  • Discovered novel Ty4 clades in S. mikatae and S. kudriavzevii, generated by recombination between resident and horizontally transferred subfamilies.
  • Revealed recurrent HTT and lineage-specific extinctions shaping complex Ty4 subfamily patterns across Saccharomyces.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal transposon transfer is a dynamic force shaping retrotransposon content in Saccharomyces.
  • HTT facilitates the coexistence of related retrotransposon subfamilies, driving the evolution of new clades via recombination.
  • This study provides a detailed evolutionary history of Ty4 retrotransposons in Saccharomyces, highlighting the role of HTT in genome evolution.