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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences
Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Predictive and prognostic markers
Immunohistochemical insights into hypothermia-related deaths: a systematic review

Immunohistochemical insights into hypothermia-related deaths: a systematic review

Luca Tomassini ¹, Massimo Lancia ², Cristiana Gambelunghe ², Giulia Ricchezze ³, Piergiorgio Fedeli ⁴, Mariano Cingolani ⁵, Francesco De Micco ⁶, Elena Fiorucci ², Roberto Scendoni ⁵

Luca Tomassini ¹, Massimo Lancia ², Cristiana Gambelunghe ²

¹International School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
²Forensic Medicine, Forensic Science and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
³Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy. g.ricchezze1@unimc.it.
⁴School of Law, Legal Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
⁵Department of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy.
⁶Research Unit of Bioethics and Humanities, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.

⁰International School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology +

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January 9, 2025

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January 9, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review found limited immunohistochemical markers for fatal hypothermia. More rigorous research is needed to establish reliable diagnostic criteria for hypothermia deaths.

Area Of Science

Forensic Pathology
Immunohistochemistry

Background

Hypothermia, defined as a core body temperature below 35°C, presents diagnostic challenges.
Identifying reliable markers for hypothermia-related fatalities is crucial in forensic investigations.

Purpose Of The Study

To systematically review and analyze existing studies on hypothermia from an immunohistochemical perspective.
To identify robust immunohistochemical markers indicative of fatal hypothermia.

Main Methods

A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
The review involved an extensive literature search, with initial screening of 2618 publications.
29 full-text articles were included after exclusions, supplemented by four additional articles from bibliographies.

Main Results

Only six studies reported a statistically significant correlation between specific immunohistochemical patterns and hypothermia-related deaths.
The majority of identified studies lacked robust statistical validation for immunohistochemical markers.

Conclusions

The current literature on immunohistochemical markers for fatal hypothermia is fragmented.
There is a significant need for more comprehensive, methodologically sound research to develop reliable diagnostic criteria for hypothermia deaths.

Keywords:

Cold-related deaths Forensic autopsy Hypothermia Immunohistochemistry Parenchymal analysis.

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Decreased Body Temperature

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...

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