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Metacognitive function in young adults is impacted by physical activity, diet, and sleep patterns
G Kyle Gooderham1, Todd C Handy1
1Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Plos One
|January 9, 2025
Summary
Physical activity, diet, and sleep influence cognitive skills. This study finds these lifestyle factors also impact metacognition, affecting how we monitor and control our thinking processes.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Cognitive functions like working memory and attention are known to fluctuate with lifestyle factors.
- The relationship between lifestyle behaviors and metacognitive capacities remains largely unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if physical activity, diet, and sleep patterns predict metacognitive status in healthy young adults.
- To identify specific metacognitive processes influenced by lifestyle behaviors.
Main Methods:
- Participants completed validated surveys on lifestyle factors (physical activity, diet, sleep) over a recent period.
- Metacognitive status was assessed using three distinct measurement tools.
- Multiple regression and exploratory factor analyses were employed to analyze the data.
Main Results:
- Four clusters of metacognitive processes sensitive to lifestyle behaviors were identified.
- Physical activity was linked to knowledge and offline regulation of cognition.
- Diet was related to on-line cognitive regulation, and sleep behaviors were associated with metacognitive worry.
Conclusions:
- Lifestyle behaviors significantly impact not only cognitive functioning but also metacognitive processes.
- These findings highlight the role of physical activity, diet, and sleep in shaping self-awareness and strategic control of cognition.
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