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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials
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Iron-Based Nanomaterials for Modulating Tumor Microenvironment.

Le Wang1,2,3, Xiaoting Zhang2,3, Lulu He2,3

  • 1Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
|January 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Iron-based nanomaterials (IBNMs) show promise in cancer therapy by altering the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review details how IBNMs, including iron oxide-based nanomaterials (IONMs), regulate TME for improved cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
cancer treatmentiron‐based nanomaterialsmodulateresponsivetumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Iron-based nanomaterials (IBNMs) possess unique magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and diverse functionalities, making them valuable in biomedicine.
  • IBNMs are increasingly recognized for their potential in cancer therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various types of IBNMs, including iron oxide-based nanomaterials (IONMs), iron-based complex conjugates (ICCs), and iron-based single iron atom nanomaterials (ISANMs).
  • To emphasize the advantages of IBNMs in regulating the TME for cancer treatment.
  • To summarize recent advancements in IBNM-based cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies targeting TME modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of IBNMs and their applications in cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which IBNMs modulate the TME, including overcoming hypoxia, altering acidity, reducing redox species, and immunoregulation.
  • Discussion of challenges and future opportunities in the field of TME-modulating IBNMs.

Main Results:

  • Various IBNMs, such as IONMs, ICCs, and ISANMs, have demonstrated significant capabilities in cancer therapy through TME regulation.
  • IBNMs can effectively overcome tumor hypoxia, modulate TME acidity, decrease harmful redox species, and promote immunoregulation.
  • Recent progress highlights the potential of IBNMs for both cancer diagnosis and treatment by strategically modulating the TME.

Conclusions:

  • IBNMs offer a promising platform for developing next-generation cancer therapies by targeting and modulating the TME.
  • Further research and development are crucial for optimizing IBNM design and application in clinical settings.
  • This review provides insights into the future design and development of TME-modulating IBNMs for enhanced cancer treatment efficacy.