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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

Vertex model with internal dissipation enables sustained flows.

Jan Rozman¹, Kvs Chaithanya^2,3, Julia M Yeomans⁴

¹Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Nature Communications

|January 9, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new model for tissue flow, replacing substrate friction with internal viscous dissipation. This allows for organized collective cell migration and tissue dynamics, crucial for early embryonic development.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Developmental Biology
Cellular Mechanics

Background:

Epithelial tissue flows are driven by complex intra- and inter-cellular mechanical forces.
Cell shape anisotropy, or nematic order, is increasingly recognized for its role in tissue dynamics.
Many early-stage embryos exhibit epithelia not supported by substrates, where internal viscous dissipation is dominant.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend active nematic vertex models by incorporating internal viscous dissipation.
To investigate the emergence of long-range velocity correlations and spatiotemporal organization in epithelial tissues.
To link cell-level vertex models to continuum active nematics for understanding tissue flow.

Main Methods:

Developed an active nematic vertex model.
Replaced substrate friction with internal viscous dissipation.
Simulated epithelial sheets confined to a channel.

Main Results:

Internal viscous dissipation, coupled with cell shape anisotropy, enables long-range velocity correlations.
Demonstrated sustained tissue flow in confined epithelial sheets.
Showed spontaneous emergence of highly organized spatiotemporal flows.

Conclusions:

Internal viscous dissipation is a key factor in generating organized tissue flows in substrate-free epithelia.
The model provides a mechanistic link between cell-level dynamics and continuum active nematics.
This mechanism may explain large-scale collective cell migration observed during morphogenesis.