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Risk factor, consequence, or common cause? Linking lower self-regulation and internalizing symptoms during middle
Johanna Lilian Klinge1, Petra Warschburger2, Annette Maria Klein1
1International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Development and Psychopathology
|January 10, 2025
Summary
Lower self-regulation (SR) facets and internalizing symptoms share common causes, supporting spectrum models. This suggests underlying factors influence both emotional difficulties and self-control in children.
Area of Science:
- Developmental psychology
- Child psychology
- Clinical psychology
Background:
- Internalizing symptoms and self-regulation (SR) are crucial for child development.
- The relationship between SR facets and internalizing symptoms is debated, with vulnerability, scar, and spectrum models proposed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To simultaneously investigate vulnerability, scar, and spectrum models of the relationship between SR facets and internalizing symptoms in middle childhood.
- To determine if lower SR predicts internalizing symptoms, if internalizing symptoms lead to lower SR, or if both share common causes.
Main Methods:
- A random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used with data from 1657 children (aged 6-13) in Germany.
- Internalizing symptoms were measured via parent-reported emotional problems. Seven SR facets were assessed behaviorally, and via parent and teacher reports.
Main Results:
- Within individuals, internalizing symptoms were linked to emotional reactivity, but no significant cross-lagged effects were found.
- Between individuals, internalizing symptoms correlated with working memory updating, inhibitory control, planning behavior, and emotional reactivity.
Conclusions:
- Results support spectrum models, indicating shared underlying causes for internalizing symptoms and impaired SR.
- The findings highlight the importance of considering common factors influencing both emotional well-being and self-regulatory capacities in children.
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