Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Quality of Life of Knee Osteoarthritis in Urban Community in Indonesia: A COPCORD Study

This study evaluates the prevalence, risk factors, and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the Indonesian population.

A cross-sectional study of 3597 adults (≥ 18 years old) was conducted in 2023 involving 15 different cities in Indonesia. Knee OA was classified according to the clinical ACR criteria. The COPCORD questionnaire was used for all subjects. The quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the WOMAC score.

The prevalence of knee OA was 15.0%. Banda Aceh has the highest prevalence of knee OA at 70.79%, whereas Bandung has the lowest (4.18%)-the odds of having knee OA increased with age. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were 5.01 (95% CI 2.47-10.15, p < 0.001) for participants aged 40-49 years and 72.19 (95% CI 36.32-143.51, p < 0.001) for participants aged 70 years or over, compared to participants under 40 years. Knee OA was higher among female participants (aOR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.53-2.39, p < 0.001). Married and divorced participants had higher odds of having knee OA compared to those who never married (aORs 2.56 (95% CI 1.37-4.77, p = 0.003) and 2.40 (95% CI 1.23-4.68, p < 0.010), respectively). Knee OA is less likely found among participants with elementary school education background (aOR 0.37; 95% CI 0.22-0.64, p < 0.001) and those with senior high school (aOR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29-0.83, p = 0.007). The total WOMAC score was 25.9 ± 18.7 from all participants, indicating moderate impairment in QoL.

The prevalence of knee OA in several urban districts in Indonesia was 15.0%, with most patients having moderate impairment in QoL. Several sociodemographic factors were associated with the odds of having knee OA.