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Molecular testing and precision oncology: An overview
1Melissa Styan Burkett is a CRNP at the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center in Monroeville, Pa.
Abstract:
Targeted therapy has emerged as a promising option in cancer treatment, driven by advances in the understanding of DNA changes and the molecular basis of cancer. This article provides an overview of next-generation sequencing and types of genetic alterations, common cancer biomarkers, a review of circulating tumor DNA testing and its applications for oncology treatments, how to read a genomic testing report, examples of targeted therapy for cancer pathologic variants and tumor markers, and the implications for nursing practice in this emerging field.
Insights
Targeted cancer therapy uses DNA insights for treatment. This review covers genetic testing, biomarkers, and nursing roles in precision oncology.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cancer treatment is evolving with molecular insights.
- Targeted therapy offers personalized treatment options.
Purpose of the Study:
- Provide an overview of targeted therapy in cancer.
- Discuss next-generation sequencing and genetic alterations.
- Review circulating tumor DNA testing and its applications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of targeted therapy advancements.
- Explanation of genomic testing principles.
- Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) applications.
Main Results:
- Next-generation sequencing identifies genetic alterations.
- Biomarkers guide targeted therapy selection.
- ctDNA testing aids in treatment monitoring and selection.
Conclusions:
- Genomic testing is crucial for personalized cancer care.
- Targeted therapies show promise for various cancer types.
- Understanding genomic reports is vital for clinical practice and nursing.
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