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Does Lifelong Exercise Counteract Low-Grade Inflammation Associated with Aging? A Systematic Review and
Iñigo M Pérez-Castillo1, Ricardo Rueda2, Hakim Bouzamondo3
1Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, 68 Camino de Purchil, 18004, Granada, Spain. inigomaria.perez@abbott.com.
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|January 10, 2025
Summary
Lifelong exercise in master athletes may reduce inflammation markers like C-reactive protein and increase interleukin-10 compared to older adults. However, it may not fully counteract age-related inflammatory changes seen in younger individuals.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Exercise Physiology
- Immunology
Background:
- Aging is linked to chronic low-grade inflammation, increasing disease risk.
- Long-term exercise can reduce inflammation, but detraining may reverse benefits.
- Master athletes, lifelong exercisers, may offer insights into sustained anti-inflammatory effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically compare inflammatory profiles of master athletes, untrained middle-aged/older adults, and young adults.
- To determine if lifelong exercise can fully counteract age-related inflammation.
- To elucidate the impact of consistent training on inflammatory markers across the lifespan.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, registered in PROSPERO.
- Included studies comparing baseline inflammatory markers in master athletes and untrained controls.
- Meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (SMDs) for inflammatory markers, with subgroup analyses by exercise type/intensity and sex.
Main Results:
- Master athletes showed lower C-reactive protein and higher interleukin-10 than untrained older adults.
- No significant difference in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) between master athletes and untrained older adults.
- Master athletes still exhibited higher TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6), with lower IL-10 compared to young untrained adults.
Conclusions:
- Master athletes may possess an anti-inflammatory profile compared to age-matched untrained peers.
- Lifelong exercise may not completely mitigate all age-related inflammatory alterations.
- Further research is needed to understand the long-term inflammatory impact of sustained exercise.
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