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  1. Home
  3. Beyond Increasing Sample Sizes: Optimizing Effect Sizes In Neuroimaging Research On Individual Differences.
  1. Home
  3. Beyond Increasing Sample Sizes: Optimizing Effect Sizes In Neuroimaging Research On Individual Differences.

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Beyond Increasing Sample Sizes: Optimizing Effect Sizes in Neuroimaging Research on Individual Differences.

Colin G DeYoung1, Kirsten Hilger2, Jamie L Hanson3

  • 1University of Minnesota.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|January 10, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroimaging studies require large samples to link brain activity to individual differences. Four strategies can increase effect sizes, enabling replicable findings in smaller samples for a more robust neuroscience of individual differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Individual Differences Research

Background:

  • Linking neurobiology to stable individual differences in cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior often necessitates large sample sizes for replicable results.
  • Neuroimaging studies investigating individual differences typically require sample sizes in the hundreds, whether examining whole-brain or focal hypotheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose strategies for increasing effect sizes in neuroimaging research.
  • To enable the detection of replicable between-person effects in smaller sample sizes (hundreds instead of thousands).

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical matching between neuroimaging tasks and behavioral constructs.
  • Enhancing the reliability of neural and psychological measurements.
  • Individualizing measures for each participant.
  • Employing multivariate approaches with cross-validation over univariate methods.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed strategies aim to increase effect sizes in neuroimaging studies.
    • These methods can facilitate the detection of replicable individual differences with smaller sample sizes.
    • Challenges associated with these methods are discussed, with strategies for improvement.

    Conclusions:

    • Implementing these strategies can lead to a more robust and accessible neuroscience of individual differences.
    • Increased effect sizes are crucial for detecting reliable between-person effects in neuroimaging research.
    • The field can advance by adopting these methods to improve the quality and efficiency of individual differences research.