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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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Establishing a Predictive Perfusion Threshold Using SPY-PHI QP in Staged Breast Reconstruction: A Prospective Evaluation With Nitroglycerin Adjustment.

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Median Craniofacial Hypoplasia.

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Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography
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Median Craniofacial Hypoplasia.

Brandon Alba1, Kelly A Harmon1, Okensama La-Anyane1

  • 1Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|January 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Median craniofacial hypoplasia involves midline facial and brain tissue deficiency. This case series highlights individualized surgical management and presents an algorithm for treating these complex facial differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Median craniofacial hypoplasia presents with midline facial and/or brain tissue deficiency.
  • Patients exhibit diverse facial differences, necessitating tailored operative interventions.
  • Reconstructive procedures may include cleft lip/palate repair, rhinoplasty, and orthognathic surgery.

Observation:

  • A case series of 3 patients with varying severities of median craniofacial hypoplasia is presented.
  • Surgical procedures and reconstructive principles employed for each patient are detailed.
  • Management strategies varied based on individual patient circumstances.

Findings:

  • Individualized management plans are critical for median craniofacial hypoplasia.
  • Surgical outcomes are influenced by the severity of the condition and chosen reconstructive principles.
  • A general algorithm for surgical management was developed based on patient-specific factors.

Implications:

  • The presented algorithm can guide surgical decision-making in median craniofacial hypoplasia.
  • Understanding reconstructive principles is key to optimizing outcomes for these patients.
  • Further research into standardized treatment algorithms may improve patient care and results.