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Updated: May 12, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Diagnostic approach in giant cell arteritis.

Chiara Marvisi¹, Federica Macaluso², Caterina Ricordi¹

¹Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Autoimmunity Reviews

|January 10, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), or temporal arteritis, diagnosis is challenging in the elderly. This review covers diagnostic techniques to ensure timely treatment and prevent severe complications like blindness.

Keywords:

Diagnosis Giant cell arteritis Imaging Temporal artery ultrasound Ultrasound

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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Aortic Tissues in Atherosclerosis

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Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Internal Medicine
Vascular Medicine

Background:

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), or temporal arteritis, is the most common vasculitis in older adults.
It primarily affects the aorta and its branches, not just temporal arteries.
Accurate diagnosis remains difficult despite advanced imaging and biopsy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current diagnostic techniques for GCA.
To present an approach for managing uncertain GCA diagnoses.
To emphasize timely diagnosis for preventing severe complications.

Main Methods:

Narrative review of diagnostic modalities for GCA.
Discussion of diagnostic challenges and clinical considerations.
Outline of a practical diagnostic strategy.

Main Results:

Diagnostic accuracy varies by clinical setting and chosen method.
Prompt glucocorticoid treatment is vital but requires diagnostic certainty.
Uncertain diagnoses risk overtreatment or undertreatment complications.

Conclusions:

GCA diagnosis requires tailored approaches based on symptoms.
Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent vision loss and stroke.
This review provides guidance for complex GCA cases.