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Gene therapy for β-thalassemia: current and future options

Giulia Hardouin1, Annarita Miccio1, Megane Brusson1

  • 1Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|January 10, 2025
PubMed

Beta-thalassemia is a severe, hereditary blood disorder characterized by anemia, transfusion dependence, reduced life expectancy, and poor quality of life. Allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is the only curative treatment for transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia, but a lack of compatible donors prevents the use of this approach for most patients. Over the past 20 years, the rise of gene therapy and the development of lentiviral vectors and genome-editing tools has extended curative options to a broader range of patients. Here, we review breakthroughs in gene addition- and genome-editing-based therapies for β-thalassemia, the clinical outcomes enabling approval by regulatory agencies, and perspectives for further development.

Keywords:
base editinggene therapygenome editinglentiviral vectorsβ-thalassemia

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