Riverbank filtration: a frontline treatment method for surface and groundwater-African perspective

Riverbank filtration (RBF) has emerged as a crucial and functional water treatment method, particularly effective in improving surface water quality. This review is aimed at assessing the suitability of RBF in regions with limited access to clean water, such as Africa, where it has the potential to alleviate water scarcity and enhance water security. This review used various studies, highlighting the principles, applications, and advancements of RBF worldwide. The findings of this review revealed that RBF effectively addresses a broad range of contaminants, including microbial pathogens, organic compounds, heavy metals, and micro-pollutants, through natural processes like adsorption, biodegradation, and filtration. These natural mechanisms significantly reduce waterborne contaminants, making RBF an eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative to conventional water treatment methods. Hydro geological factors, such as aquifer thickness and hydraulic conductivity, play an important role in the efficiency and overall performance of RBF systems. The integration of RBF with advanced treatment technologies not only removes contaminants more effectively but also ensures a sustainable supply of clean water for various applications. The cost-saving aspect of RBF, compared to traditional methods, is particularly significant in low-income regions. The study suggests a wider use of RBF, particularly in Africa, where it can strengthen resilient water supply systems in response to growing water scarcity and climate change concerns.