Preventive Effects of Resistance Training on Hemodynamics and Kidney Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Function in
Anne L F Queiroz1,2, Christopher B Garcia1, João P M O Silva3
1Department of Physiological Sciences, Interinstitutional Post-Graduate Program of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13.566-490, SP, Brazil.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 11, 2025
Summary
Menopause-induced estrogen decline impairs kidney mitochondrial function and raises blood pressure. Resistance training counteracts these effects by improving mitochondrial bioenergetics and gene expression in the kidneys.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Menopause is characterized by estrogen depletion, increasing risks for diseases like chronic kidney disease (CKD) and arterial hypertension (AH).
- Ovariectomy (OVX) in animal models mimics menopause-induced hypoestrogenism, potentially causing kidney mitochondrial dysfunction.
- Exercise training shows promise for managing CKD and AH in adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of OVX and resistance training (RT) on kidney hemodynamic parameters and mitochondrial bioenergetic function.
- To assess the effects of RT on gene expression related to mitochondrial function in the context of hypoestrogenism.
Main Methods:
- Female Wistar rats were assigned to ovariectomized (OVX) or intact (INT) groups, and either kept sedentary (SED) or underwent 13 weeks of RT.
- Hemodynamic parameters were measured using tail plethysmography.
- Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed via high-resolution respirometry, and gene expression (electron transport chain [ETC] and oxidative phosphorylation [OXPHOS]) was analyzed using qPCR.
Main Results:
- OVX-SED rats exhibited significantly elevated systolic and mean arterial pressure, alongside impaired kidney mitochondrial bioenergetics.
- RT improved mitochondrial bioenergetic function in both INT and OVX rats compared to their sedentary counterparts.
- OVX reduced gene expression of mitochondrial ETC and OXPHOS; RT prevented this reduction and upregulated these genes.
Conclusions:
- Hypoestrogenism due to OVX significantly impairs kidney mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain capacity in sedentary animals.
- Resistance training effectively counteracts the negative effects of hypoestrogenism by enhancing mitochondrial gene expression and function in the kidneys.
- RT may be a viable strategy to mitigate kidney dysfunction associated with menopause and associated conditions like hypertension.
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