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Implantable Passive Sensors for Biomedical Applications.

Panagiotis Kassanos1, Emmanouel Hourdakis1

  • 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.

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|January 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Passive implantable sensors offer detection without a local power source, simplifying system complexity, cost, and size. This review covers their technologies, communication, materials, and clinical uses, highlighting advantages over active sensors.

Keywords:
capacitive diaphragmgalvanic couplingimplantable sensorsinductive couplingpassive sensorsradiative couplingultrasonic coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Implantable sensors enable localized, continuous monitoring for early clinical intervention.
  • Wireless remote interrogation is typically achieved via radio frequency (RF), inductive coupling, or ultrasound.
  • Active and passive sensors are the two main categories of implantable sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review implantable passive sensor technologies.
  • To discuss their communication and readout schemes.
  • To describe materials, detection strategies, and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of implantable passive sensor technologies.
  • Analysis of communication and readout schemes.
  • Description of materials, detection strategies, and clinical applications.

Main Results:

  • Passive sensors provide detection without a local energy source or active electronics.
  • They offer advantages in system complexity, cost, and size compared to active sensors.
  • Key aspects of packaging and biocompatibility are critical for passive sensors.

Conclusions:

  • Passive implantable sensors present a viable alternative to active sensors, especially where power sources are a constraint.
  • Their inherent simplicity and cost-effectiveness make them attractive for various clinical applications.
  • Further research into packaging and biocompatibility will enhance their clinical translation.