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Stream Function01:20

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In two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow, the continuity equation is essential for ensuring mass conservation, meaning that any change in fluid entering or exiting a region is balanced by a corresponding change elsewhere. For incompressible flow, where density remains constant, this requirement simplifies to the condition that the divergence of the velocity field must be zero. Mathematically, this is expressed as,
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Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

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Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
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Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

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Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

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Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving01:18

Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving

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To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
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The Construction of a Stream Service Application with DeepStream and Simple Realtime Server Using Containerization

Wen-Chung Shih1, Zheng-Yao Wang2, Endah Kristiani2,3

  • 1Department of M-Commerce and Multimedia Applications, Asia University, Taichung City 413305, Taiwan.

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PubMed
Summary

This study shows containerized streaming apps on NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX match physical machines. WebRTC offers lower latency for edge computing video streaming, but hardware limits multiple connections.

Keywords:
DockerJetson Xavier NXdeepstreamedge computingsimple realtime server

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Software Engineering

Background:

  • Edge computing demands efficient, scalable streaming solutions.
  • NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX and Docker are key technologies for edge deployments.
  • Evaluating containerized applications for real-time video processing is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the performance of containerized streaming applications on edge hardware.
  • To compare the latency and resource utilization of different streaming protocols (WebRTC, HLS, RTMP).
  • To identify performance bottlenecks and hardware limitations in edge-based streaming architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX hardware and Docker for application deployment.
  • Evaluated DeepStream and Simple Realtime Server for streaming service applications.
  • Conducted performance and load testing across WebRTC, HLS, and RTMP protocols.

Main Results:

  • Containerized applications achieved performance comparable to physical machines.
  • WebRTC demonstrated superior low-latency (around 5s) compared to HLS (over 10s).
  • WebRTC exhibited higher CPU usage (>40%) than HLS and RTMP; memory usage was stable.
  • System performance degraded with more than three simultaneous devices.

Conclusions:

  • Containerization is viable for high-performance edge streaming applications.
  • WebRTC is suitable for low-latency edge video streaming, despite higher CPU load.
  • Hardware limitations on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX restrict scalability for numerous concurrent connections.