Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with SGLT2 Inhibitors

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Endocrinology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus represents a significant global health challenge with increasing prevalence.
• Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of antidiabetic medications that promote glucose excretion.
• Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are potential side effects associated with various medications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a literature review to determine the association between cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) and the use of SGLT2 inhibitors.
• To analyze published data on CADRs related to SGLT2 inhibitors to understand their patterns.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane, Google, and Embase.
• Data from 37 relevant published articles, including case reports, pharmacovigilance studies, case series, and reviews, were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

• The literature review identified a range of cutaneous findings associated with SGLT2 inhibitors, from benign eruptions to severe reactions.
• A strong association was noted between SGLT2 inhibitor use and Fournier's gangrene/necrotizing fasciitis.
• Other reported CADRs included fixed drug eruptions, drug-induced pruritus, and Sweet syndrome.

Conclusions:

• SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of developing cutaneous adverse drug reactions.
• Increased healthcare provider awareness of CADRs to SGLT2 inhibitors can mitigate complications and hospitalizations.
• Improved patient care for individuals with diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors can be achieved through better recognition and management of skin-related side effects.