Rare Enterohepatic Fistula in Crohn's Disease: Case Analysis and Literature Synthesis

BACKGROUND Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease known for causing fistulous tracts, abscesses, and bowel perforation. Enterohepatic fistulas, a rare but significant complication, are scarcely reported. This article presents the case of a hepatic abscess due to an enterohepatic fistula in a patient with long-term Crohn disease and reviews the existing literature on this phenomenon. CASE REPORT A 59-year-old female patient with a known history of Crohn disease and previous ileocolic resection due to enteroenteric fistulas presented to our Emergency Department with right-sided abdominal pain persisting for 10 days. Diagnostic investigations, including imaging, revealed an enterohepatic fistula with a 3-4 cm hepatic abscess in segment V of the liver. Initial management involved conservative treatment with radiological drainage and antibiotics, leading to the patient's discharge. An elective laparotomy was scheduled 1 month later. The patient underwent resection of the ileocolic anastomosis with ileotransverse re-anastomosis and catheter removal. Postoperative management included treatment for paralytic ileus. She was discharged in good condition on postoperative day 11. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights the range of complications that can occur in patients with Crohn disease and presents the rare association between Crohn disease and enterohepatic fistula and abscess formation. Only 2 other case reports of enterohepatic fistula due to Crohn disease exist in the literature. Given the scarcity of evidence, no standardized guidelines are available, necessitating an individualized treatment approach. Initial conservative management can be effective; however, close monitoring is crucial to determine the need for subsequent surgical intervention.