Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
Published on: December 11, 2016
Drug classes associated with the development of fulminant type 1 diabetes: a retrospective analysis using the FDA
Yang Zhou1, Yupeng Chen1, Shan Zhang1
1Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Background:
Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) is a severe subtype of type 1 diabetes characterized by rapid onset, metabolic disturbances, and irreversible insulin secretion failure. Recent studies have suggested associations between FT1DM and certain medications, warranting further investigation.
Objectives:
This study aims to identify drugs associated with an increased risk of FT1DM using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, evaluate reporting patterns, and provide actionable insights to reduce FT1DM occurrence and improve medication safety.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of FAERS data from 2013 to 2023 was conducted. Drug names were standardized using text mining tools, and safety signals were evaluated using reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS).
Results:
A total of 706 FT1DM cases were identified, predominantly in older individuals and males. Nineteen drugs were implicated, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab), lenvatinib, eribulin, psychiatric drugs (atomoxetine, carbamazepine, lamotrigine), anti-infectives (sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, amoxicillin), and metabolic modulators (dapagliflozin, sitagliptin, hydrochlorothiazide, allopurinol).
Conclusion:
This study highlights drugs potentially triggering FT1DM and emphasizes the need for pharmacovigilance and glucose monitoring in patients treated with these medications.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

