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Updated: May 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Visual Outcomes in Cataract Surgery: A Novel Technique to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification Through IOL Rotation
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Cognitive Trajectory Before and After Cataract Surgery: A Population-Based Approach.

Hyundeok Joo1, L Grisell Diaz-Ramirez2, Catherine L Chen1,3

  • 1Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|January 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cataract surgery in older adults did not show significant cognitive improvement or decline in the year following the procedure. This common surgery for vision impairment does not appear to impact cognitive aging in the short term.

Keywords:
cataractcognitiondementia

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cataract surgery is the most frequent surgical procedure for older adults in the US.
  • Cataracts are linked to diminished cognitive function and increased dementia risk.
  • The impact of cataract surgery on cognitive function in older adults remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cataract surgery and long-term cognitive changes in older US adults.
  • To determine if cataract surgery influences cognitive trajectories in the aging population.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of community-dwelling participants from the Health and Retirement Study (2000-2018) linked with Medicare data.
  • Propensity score matching of 4384 cataract surgery patients with 4384 controls based on demographics, health status, and cognitive function.
  • Linear mixed-effects models used to assess cognitive changes from 5 years pre-surgery to 5 years post-surgery, with difference-in-differences as the primary measure.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in cognitive decline was observed between the cataract surgery group and the control group in the first postoperative year.
  • Cataract surgery participants declined slightly faster (0.002 units) than controls, equivalent to 8 days of additional cognitive aging, though this was not statistically significant.
  • Subgroup analyses revealed no cognitive differences based on pre-procedural cognitive status or vision impairment levels.

Conclusions:

  • Under typical US practice, cataract surgery in older patients is not significantly associated with cognitive improvement or decline within the year after surgery.
  • The findings suggest that cataract surgery, while crucial for vision restoration, may not directly influence cognitive aging in the short term.