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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

117.9K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
117.9K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.3K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
62.2K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

57.6K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
57.6K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.2K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.2K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.2K

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Ion Networks in Water-based Li-ion Battery Electrolytes.

Kyungwon Kwak1,2, Jonggu Jeon1, So Yeon Chun1

  • 1Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea.

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|January 11, 2025
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Water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) enable safer lithium-ion batteries by forming ion networks that facilitate lithium-ion transport. These networks provide pathways for ion movement, enhancing conductivity despite high salt concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) are advanced electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), offering enhanced safety and nonflammability due to high salt concentrations.
  • Unlike conventional electrolytes, WiSEs feature unique solvation structures and ion transport mechanisms dominated by ion networks and aggregates.
  • The reduced availability of free water molecules shifts the solvation environment, promoting stronger ion-anion interactions and complex aggregate formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the critical role of ion networks in the performance of WiSEs.
  • To investigate the unconventional ion transport mechanisms in WiSEs.
  • To highlight the potential of WiSEs for next-generation energy storage technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced spectroscopic techniques, including infrared pump-probe (IR-PP) and two-dimensional IR (2D-IR) spectroscopy.
  • Employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze ion behavior and solvation structures.
  • Correlated spectroscopic findings with simulation data to understand ion transport pathways.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that ion networks in WiSEs are central to electrolyte performance, governing transport properties and stability.
  • Showcased that Li+ ions are transported along pathways within ion networks, a mechanism termed structural diffusion, rather than through bulk water.
  • Identified that bulk-like water molecules form transient hydrogen-bond networks acting as conduits for Li+ ions, while anion-bound water is less mobile.

Conclusions:

  • The formation of extensive, 3D ion networks, particularly stabilized by chaotropic anions like TFSI-, is crucial for Li+ ion mobility and electrochemical stability in WiSEs.
  • WiSEs exhibit high ionic conductivity due to the decoupling of viscosity and ionic mobility, driven by structural diffusion within ion networks.
  • Understanding and controlling ion aggregates in WiSEs is key to developing safer, high-performance electrolytes for LIBs and other aqueous energy storage systems.