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Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
Substance use and use disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period
Leah L Habersham1, Courtney Townsel2, Mishka Terplan3
1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
Abstract:
Substance use and substance use disorders among pregnant and postpartum individuals have risen dramatically, necessitating enhanced clinician education and intervention strategies. This expert review offers obstetricians and gynecologists a comprehensive overview of substance use during the prenatal and postpartum periods. We discuss the epidemiology, maternal and fetal adverse effects, as well as treatment approaches for major substances: nicotine, cannabis, alcohol, benzodiazepines, stimulants, and opioids. Additionally, we address the ethical and legal implications of substance use during pregnancy and emphasize the importance of equitable and nonstigmatizing care. By integrating evidence-based practices, we aim to support obstetricians and gynecologists in providing optimal care for pregnant and postpartum individuals affected by substance use disorders.
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