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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Oceanography
  • Wave physics

Background:

  • Progressive deep-water waves are influenced by floating objects.
  • Existing models for wave damping by sea ice are inadequate for floating spheres.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate wave attenuation by mono-layers of floating spheres.
  • Develop a new theoretical model for wave attenuation.
  • Explore implications for sea ice and marine plastic detection.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments measuring wave decay distance.
  • Varied incident wave frequency and steepness.
  • Developed a new theory incorporating turbulent dissipation.

Main Results:

  • Close-packed spheres strongly attenuate waves; decay distance is shorter for higher frequency/steepness waves.
  • Wave amplitude halved over ~3 wavelengths for high-frequency, large-amplitude waves.
  • New theory predicts power-law decay and estimates observed distances.

Conclusions:

  • Floating spheres, particularly when close-packed, significantly impact wave attenuation.
  • A new theory accurately models wave attenuation by spheres, considering turbulent dissipation.
  • Findings have relevance for understanding sea ice wave damping and detecting marine pollution.