Novel technique to produce porous thermochromic VO₂ nanoparticle films using gas aggregation source

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is a phase transition material that undergoes semiconductor-to-metal transition at the temperature of about 68 °C. This extraordinary feature triggered intensive research focused on the controlled synthesis of VO₂. In this study, we introduce and investigate an original linker- and solvent-free strategy enabling the production of highly porous VO₂ nanoparticle-based films. This technique combines a gas-phase synthesis of vanadium nanoparticles and their subsequent atmospheric pressure thermal oxidation. It is shown that the thermochromic behaviour of such produced nanomaterial is at the fixed oxidation temperature strongly dependent on the oxidation time. Concerning this, it was found that there exists an optimal oxidation time (60 s in our study) that assures the production of crystalline VO₂ nanoparticles with the highest, reproducible and temporally stable semiconductor-to-metal transition with the resistive switching ratio close to 2 orders of magnitude and dramatic switching of optical properties in the near infra-red spectral region.