Bio-Based Elastomers: Design, Properties, and Biomedical Applications

To reduce carbon footprint and human dependence on fossil fuels, the field of bio-based polymers has undergone explosive growth in recent years. Among them, bio-based elastomers have gained tremendous attention for their inherent softness, high strain, and resilience. In this review, the recent progress of representative bio-based elastomers derived from molecular building blocks and biopolymers are recapitulated, with an emphasis on molecular design, synthesis approaches, and mechanical performance. The performance-advantaged properties of bio-based elastomers, including immune modulation, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are also explored. Furthermore, their representative biomedical applications in wound dressing, cardiovascular, nerve repair, bone repair, and biosensors are exemplified. Lastly, the challenges and outlooks development of bio-based elastomers are discussed. This review aims to offer readers valuable insights into the potential of bio-based elastomers as viable alternatives to petroleum-based counterparts, supporting the transition toward a more sustainable future.