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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

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Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Bibliometric analysis of levosimendan.

Xian-Shu Zhao1, Yi-Ping Yu2, Yun-Tai Yao1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

International Journal of Cardiology. Heart & Vasculature
|January 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This bibliometric analysis of levosimendan (LEVO) publications reveals increasing research trends, with the United States leading in output. Safety and effectiveness emerged as key global research hotspots for this heart failure treatment.

Keywords:
Bibliometric analysisHot spotsLevosimendanTrends

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Bibliometrics

Background:

  • Levosimendan (LEVO) is a calcium sensitizer and potassium channel opener used for advanced heart failure and related conditions.
  • Existing LEVO publications lack comprehensive data, hindering new research and integrated information retrieval.
  • Bibliometric analysis is crucial for identifying research trends and knowledge gaps in LEVO literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify research trends and hot spots in levosimendan (LEVO) publications.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of LEVO research.
  • To offer insights into future research directions for LEVO.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of LEVO-related publications from 1990 to 2023 was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection.
  • Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, R-bibliometrix, and Rstudio.
  • Data analyzed included publication dates, countries, institutions, authors, keywords, journals, and references.

Main Results:

  • A total of 1,432 LEVO articles were included, showing a yearly increase in publications.
  • The United States was the most productive country, the University of Helsinki the leading institution, and Professor Pollesello, Piero the most prolific author.
  • Co-citation and citation burst analyses identified the safety and effectiveness of LEVO as global research trends and potential hot spots.

Conclusions:

  • This study systematically summarizes the current landscape of levosimendan (LEVO) research.
  • It highlights key research focuses, including the safety and effectiveness of LEVO.
  • The findings provide valuable insights into potential future research hotspots for LEVO.