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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in a Large Cohort of

Bozena J Katic1,2, Aspasia Katragkou3, Jessica L Alvitres1

  • 1Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|January 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

High SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence was found in children. Adult vaccination significantly reduced infection risk in children, highlighting its importance for household COVID-19 prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is significant, especially in children.
  • Understanding pediatric infection prevalence and risk factors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in children.
  • To identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Oral fluid testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated children (18 months-11 years).
  • Caregiver surveys collected demographic, household, and vaccination data.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyzed factors associated with antibody positivity.

Main Results:

  • 68% of 870 children tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
  • Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children had higher odds of positivity.
  • Children in households with at least one vaccinated adult were 52% less likely to be antibody positive.

Conclusions:

  • A high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection exists among children.
  • Adult vaccination is a key protective factor against pediatric COVID-19.
  • Community-level adult vaccination can inform household prevention strategies for minors.
Abstract

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalenceimmunityvaccination

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