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Heat exchanges in wet suits.

A H Wolff, S R Coleshaw, C G Newstead

    Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Water flow under wetsuits significantly reduces insulation, impacting thermal regulation. This study quantizes flow rates and provides equations for predicting safe water temperatures for various wetsuit thicknesses and body types.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Human thermal regulation
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Neoprene wetsuits are commonly used for thermal insulation in aquatic environments.
    • Water flow beneath wetsuits can compromise their insulating properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the thermal conductance due to water flow under wetsuits.
    • To determine the impact of water flow on thermal stability across different conditions.
    • To develop predictive models for safe water temperatures.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of water flow and thermal conductance under wetsuits on the trunk and limbs.
    • Assessment during rest and exercise in cold and warm water conditions.
    • Inclusion of physiological factors like vasoconstriction and body fat thickness.

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    Main Results:

    • Water flow under wetsuits can halve insulation, with higher conductance on the trunk than limbs.
    • Conductance increases significantly with minor movements in warm water.
    • Adequate thermal stability is maintained across a wide temperature range, even in cold water.

    Conclusions:

    • Water flow under wetsuits is a critical factor in thermal insulation.
    • Predictive equations can help determine safe operating temperatures for wetsuit users.
    • Wetsuit design and usage should account for water flow dynamics for effective thermal protection.