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A specific decrease in collagen synthesis in acutely fasted, vitamin C-supplemented, guinea pigs.

R G Spanheimer, B Peterkofsky

    The Journal of Biological Chemistry
    |April 10, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Fasting rapidly reduces collagen synthesis in guinea pigs by decreasing procollagen messenger RNA levels, independent of vitamin C status. This specific effect on collagen, not other proteins, highlights nutritional impacts on connective tissue production.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Nutritional Science
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Weight loss is linked to various experimental conditions, including scurvy, where reduced collagen synthesis, not proline hydroxylation defects, correlated with weight loss.
    • Previous research indicated a connection between decreased collagen synthesis and weight loss in scurvy models.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of acute fasting on collagen and non-collagen protein synthesis in normal guinea pigs.
    • To determine the specific mechanisms underlying fasting-induced changes in protein synthesis, particularly collagen production.

    Main Methods:

    • Guinea pigs were acutely fasted, and collagen and non-collagen protein production was measured using in vitro [3H]proline labeling.
    • Procollagen messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were assessed via cell-free translation and dot-blot hybridization.

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  • Collagen degradation was evaluated using pulse-chase experiments and gel electrophoresis.

    • Main Results:

    • Fasting led to a rapid and significant decrease in collagen production, reaching 8-12% of control levels after 96 hours.
    • Non-collagen protein synthesis was less affected, with collagen synthesis comprising only 20-25% of total protein synthesis after fasting.
    • Procollagen mRNA levels were significantly reduced in fasted animals, while translatable mRNAs for non-collagen proteins remained unchanged.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute fasting specifically reduces collagen synthesis in guinea pigs, primarily through the modulation of procollagen mRNA levels.
    • This effect is independent of vitamin C status, age, sex, or animal species, suggesting a general nutritional response.
    • Fasting impacts collagen synthesis more severely than non-collagen protein synthesis, indicating a targeted mechanism affecting connective tissue.