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Operando X-Ray Tomoscopy of Laser Beam Welding
Paul Hans Kamm1,2, Stephan Börner3, Tillmann Robert Neu1,2
1Institute of Applied Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.
Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|January 13, 2025
Summary
Advanced X-ray imaging reveals dynamic weld pool behavior, quantifying porosity evolution during laser welding. Dynamic beam modulation significantly reduces defects by enhancing pore mobility and degassing.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Manufacturing Engineering
- Laser Processing
Background:
- Understanding weld seam phenomena during laser beam advancement is crucial.
- Porosity formation and melt blowouts in metallic components require detailed investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To capture and analyze the temporal evolution of the melt pool during laser welding.
- To quantify pore characteristics and their dynamic patterns with high time resolution.
- To evaluate the impact of dynamic beam modulation on weld quality.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a high-speed X-ray tomoscopy setup (100 3D images/second).
- Investigated AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die-casting under laser beam irradiation.
- Quantified pore number, size, shape, and distribution at 10 ms resolution.
- Compared conventional laser welding with dynamic beam modulation.
Main Results:
- Observed complex dynamic patterns in pore evolution.
- Dynamic beam modulation led to reduced porosity and surface roughness.
- Attributed improvements to increased pore mobility and stepwise degassing.
- Visualized the 3D keyhole formation within the melt pool over 10 ms.
Conclusions:
- High-speed X-ray tomoscopy provides unprecedented insight into laser welding dynamics.
- Dynamic beam modulation is a promising technique for improving weld quality in AlSi9Cu3(Fe).
- The study elucidates mechanisms behind defect reduction, offering pathways for process optimization.
