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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

230
The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
230
Ureters01:22

Ureters

345
The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
345

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Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
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Uromodulin and Risk of Upper Urinary Tract Infections: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Kristin Vardheim Liyanarachi1, Helene Flatby2, Stein Hallan3

  • 1Mid-Norway Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|January 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetically predicted higher urinary uromodulin levels are associated with a reduced risk of upper urinary tract infections (UTIs). This supports uromodulin

Keywords:
Biomarkerepidemiologyinfectionurinary tract infectionuromodulin

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between kidney-produced uromodulin and reduced upper urinary tract infection (UTI) risk.
  • Potential confounding factors in traditional studies limit the certainty of this association.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) can mitigate confounding to explore causal relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal association between uromodulin levels and the risk of upper UTIs using a two-sample MR approach.
  • To determine if genetically predicted uromodulin has a protective effect against upper UTIs.

Main Methods:

  • A two-sample Mendelian randomization study design was employed.
  • Genetic variants strongly associated with urinary and serum uromodulin levels were identified from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • Inverse variance-weighted and sensitivity analyses were conducted using UK Biobank and other cohort data for upper UTI risk.

Main Results:

  • A 1-SD increase in genetically predicted urinary uromodulin was associated with a significantly reduced odds of upper UTIs (OR = 0.80, P = 0.01).
  • No statistically significant association was found between genetically predicted serum uromodulin and upper UTI risk (OR = 0.95, P = 0.12).
  • Findings remained consistent across sensitivity analyses, including sex-specific analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically predicted higher urinary uromodulin levels are associated with a lower risk of upper UTIs.
  • These results support the hypothesis that uromodulin plays a protective role against upper UTIs.
  • Further research is warranted to explore uromodulin's therapeutic and diagnostic potential for UTIs.