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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) Systematic

Anne Hy Chu1, Kehuan Lin2, Helen Croker3

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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Summary

Adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle pattern is linked to reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Key habits include maintaining a healthy weight, physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and excess alcohol.

Keywords:
adultcolorectal cancersdietary patternsepidemiologyincidenceslifestylemortalitiesprospective studiespublic healthreview

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Individual healthy dietary and lifestyle factors are linked to lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.
  • Established recommendations for combined diet-lifestyle patterns for CRC prevention are lacking due to limited research and inconsistent definitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize existing literature on the association between dietary-lifestyle patterns and CRC risk or mortality.
  • To provide an updated evidence-based review for establishing comprehensive CRC prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed and Embase for relevant randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies up to March 31, 2023.
  • Categorized dietary patterns by derivation methods (a priori, a posteriori, hybrid) and assessed evidence for CRC risk and mortality.
  • Graded evidence for causality using the Global Cancer Update Programme Expert Committee and Expert Panel criteria.

Main Results:

  • Strong-probable evidence links higher adherence to World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations with lower CRC risk.
  • "Limited-suggestive" evidence found for American Cancer Society guidelines and Healthy Lifestyle Index, with concerns about bias.
  • Strong-probable evidence indicates higher adherence to the Empirical Lifestyle Index for Hyperinsulinemia is associated with increased CRC risk; WCRF/AICR showed strong evidence for lower colon cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • A healthy diet and lifestyle pattern, including weight management, physical activity, and avoidance of tobacco and excessive alcohol, is associated with reduced CRC risk.
  • Healthy lifestyle habits are crucial for primary CRC prevention.
  • Evidence for diet-lifestyle patterns and CRC mortality remains inconclusive.