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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

138
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
138
Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

3.5K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
3.5K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

4.1K
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
4.1K
Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

613
Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
613
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

22.4K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
22.4K
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

6.5K
Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
6.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2025

A Gusseted Thermogradient Table to Control Soil Temperatures for Evaluating Plant Growth and Monitoring Soil Processes
07:40

A Gusseted Thermogradient Table to Control Soil Temperatures for Evaluating Plant Growth and Monitoring Soil Processes

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A hydrothermal coupling model for permafrost subgrade considering temperature gradient and its application.

Jianqing Jia1, Zeqing He2, Victor O Tenorio3

  • 1School of Traffic and Transportation, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. 19427431@qq.com.

Scientific Reports
|January 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study models frozen soil's hydrothermal processes, incorporating temperature-dependent permeability. The findings improve predictions of temperature and moisture fields in cold region road subgrades, crucial for infrastructure resilience.

Keywords:
Moisture migrationPermafrost SubgradePermeability coefficientTemperature gradient

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Frozen soil properties are critical for infrastructure in cold regions.
  • Soil permeability and temperature significantly influence water movement and thermal distribution.
  • Accurate modeling of frozen soil requires accounting for dynamic variations in permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic variation of the soil permeability coefficient with temperature.
  • To establish and validate a hydrothermal coupling equation for frozen soil.
  • To analyze the temperature and moisture fields of a cold region road subgrade under revised IPCC boundary conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Defining soil permeability as a piecewise function of temperature.
  • Establishing a hydrothermal coupling equation.
  • Simulating the soil freezing process using COMSOL software with secondary development.
  • Validating simulation accuracy against experimental results.
  • Applying IPCC-derived temperature boundary conditions to a road subgrade model.

Main Results:

  • The model shows improved accuracy, especially for soil column heights of 0-3 cm and 8-15 cm.
  • A significant temperature gradient exists within 2 m of the subgrade slope; temperature stabilizes beyond this depth, indicating permafrost.
  • Soil moisture content exhibits a complex pattern with depth, peaking at -0.5 m (13%) before stabilizing.

Conclusions:

  • Accounting for temperature-dependent permeability enhances the accuracy of frozen soil hydrothermal simulations.
  • The study provides insights into the thermal and moisture dynamics of road subgrades in cold regions.
  • Findings are relevant for designing and maintaining infrastructure in permafrost environments, considering climate change projections.