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Updated: Jun 2, 2025
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Published on: February 12, 2015
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Tobacco Smoking in Early Adulthood and Labor Market Performance: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Jutta Viinikainen1, Petri Böckerman1,2,3, Christian Hakulinen4,5
1Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Summary
Tobacco smoking significantly reduces earnings and employment duration, especially for less educated individuals. These findings highlight the economic impact of smoking and support tobacco control measures for better societal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Public Health
- Economics
Background:
- Tobacco smoking is linked to poorer labor market outcomes.
- Negative impacts on physical fitness and productivity may explain this association, particularly in physically demanding jobs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the long-term association between tobacco smoking and labor market outcomes (earnings and employment).
- To investigate how education level modifies the relationship between smoking and labor market success.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study using data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (N=1953).
- Linked survey data on smoking levels (pack-years in 2001) with register data on earnings and employment status (2001-2019).
Main Results:
- Each additional pack-year of smoking was associated with a 1.8% decrease in earnings and a 0.5% reduction in employment years.
- These negative effects were more pronounced among individuals with lower education levels.
- Earnings impact was evident in younger cohorts, while employment impact was strongest in older, less educated cohorts.
Conclusions:
- Smoking negatively affects earnings and employment, particularly for less educated younger and older individuals.
- Delayed health impacts of smoking may reduce productivity in physically demanding jobs common among lower socioeconomic groups.
- Findings support tobacco control interventions to mitigate adverse economic and social consequences of smoking.
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