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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Investigating resting-state functional connectivity changes within procedural memory network across neuropsychiatric

Mahdi Mohammadkhanloo1, Mohammad Pooyan2, Hamid Sharini3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

BMC Medical Imaging
|January 13, 2025
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Summary

This study reveals significant changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within the procedural memory network in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), suggesting a link to cognitive impairments.

Keywords:
Brain mappingCognitive dysfunctionFunctional connectivityProcedural memoryResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cognitive network impairments are prevalent in neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD, BD, and SZ.
  • The role of procedural memory in cognitive network deficits within these disorders is not well understood.
  • This research examines alterations in the procedural memory network to understand brain function in these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within the procedural memory network.
  • To explore the relationship between procedural memory network function and cognitive network impairments in ADHD, BD, and SZ.
  • To compare rs-FC in the procedural memory network between patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 40 ADHD, 49 BD, 50 SZ patients, and 50 healthy controls (HCs).
  • Definition of a procedural memory network using 34 regions of interest (ROIs) from the Harvard-Oxford Cortical Structural Atlas.
  • Application of multivariate region of interest to region of interest connectivity (mRRC) to assess rs-FC within the network.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in rs-FC were observed within the procedural memory network across patient groups compared to HCs (P < 0.001).
  • Specific alterations included increased and decreased rs-FC in various brain regions for ADHD, BD, and SZ patients.
  • Notable findings include altered connectivity in regions like the cerebellum, claustrum, caudate, subthalamic nucleus, and putamen.

Conclusions:

  • Significant alterations in rs-FC within the procedural memory network are present in patients with ADHD, BD, and SZ.
  • These disruptions in rs-FC may underlie the cognitive network impairments observed in these neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • The procedural memory network is a potential target for understanding and addressing cognitive deficits in these conditions.