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Chikungunya infection in children: clinical profile and outcome

Korra Dhanunjaya Naik1, C G Delhi Kumar1, Anitha Abimannane1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|January 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Chikungunya infection in children presents differently than in adults, with common symptoms including fever, rash, and potential for serious complications like capillary leak. Most children recover, but some experience prolonged joint pain or severe outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Chikungunya virus infection is a significant public health concern.
  • Limited data exists on the specific clinical profile and outcomes of chikungunya in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding pediatric chikungunya is crucial for effective management and public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical course, spectrum of complications, and mortality rates of chikungunya infection in children.
  • To characterize the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of chikungunya in pediatric patients.
  • To compare pediatric chikungunya manifestations with those reported in adults.

Main Methods:

  • A combined retrospective and prospective observational study design was employed.
  • Inclusion criteria: Children aged 1 month to 15 years with confirmed chikungunya infection (IgM ELISA and RT-PCR).
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-eight children were included; fever, vomiting, and myalgia were common presenting symptoms.
  • Skin rash, hepatomegaly, and anemia were frequently observed clinical signs.
  • Acute complications included lymphopenia, hyponatremia, capillary leak syndrome, and thrombocytopenia; 2 deaths occurred.

Conclusions:

  • Chikungunya in children frequently presents with skin and neurological manifestations, differing from adult presentations primarily focused on arthralgia.
  • A notable proportion of pediatric cases experience severe complications, including capillary leak syndrome.
  • While most children recover fully, a subset may develop prolonged arthralgia or fatal outcomes, highlighting the need for vigilant pediatric care.

Keywords:
chikungunyachildrenfeverskin rash

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