Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

50
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
50
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

12.4K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
12.4K
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

529
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
529
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

324
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
324
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

212
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
212
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Atypical energy-related symptoms define biologically distinct subtypes of major depressive disorder.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Investigation of polygenic risk scores and subphenotypes in social anxiety disorder.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Polygenic scores in psychiatric research and clinical practice.

Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V·2026
Same author

A blended genome and exome sequencing method captures genetic variation in an unbiased and cost-effective manner.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Genome-wide genetic overlap between fear-based disorders and generalised anxiety disorder.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Co-expression-based models improve eQTL predictions for transcriptome-wide association studies and highlight new schizophrenia-associated genes.

Nature genetics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Mapping Alzheimer's Disease Variants to Their Target Genes Using Computational Analysis of Chromatin Configuration
04:41

Mapping Alzheimer's Disease Variants to Their Target Genes Using Computational Analysis of Chromatin Configuration

Published on: January 9, 2020

18.9K

Identifying genetic differences between bipolar disorder and major depression through multiple genome-wide

Georgia Panagiotaropoulou1, Kajsa-Lotta Georgii Hellberg2, Jonathan R I Coleman3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|January 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Genetic studies reveal distinct differences between bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), even in depressive phases. Polygenic risk scores show potential for early differential diagnosis in psychiatric genetics.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderearly differential diagnosisgenome-wide association analysismajor depressive disorderpolygenic risk scoring

More Related Videos

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies Mo-GWAS: Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization
08:27

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies Mo-GWAS: Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization

Published on: July 27, 2021

3.5K
Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Mapping Alzheimer's Disease Variants to Their Target Genes Using Computational Analysis of Chromatin Configuration
04:41

Mapping Alzheimer's Disease Variants to Their Target Genes Using Computational Analysis of Chromatin Configuration

Published on: January 9, 2020

18.9K
Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies Mo-GWAS: Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization
08:27

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies Mo-GWAS: Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization

Published on: July 27, 2021

3.5K
Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is challenging, with a significant delay from symptom onset to diagnosis.
  • Distinguishing BPD from unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) is difficult, especially when BPD presents with a depressive episode first.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genetic factors differentiating BPD and MDD using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • To develop polygenic risk score (PRS) predictors for early differential diagnosis of BPD and MDD.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses were performed on a large cohort.
  • The study utilized individual genotypes from case-control cohorts of BPD and MDD from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.
  • A combined cohort of 51,149 individuals (15,532 BPD, 12,920 MDD, 22,697 controls) was analyzed after rigorous quality control.

Main Results:

  • Significant chip heritability was found, indicating a genetic component for BPD and MDD.
  • Polygenic risk scores (PRS) demonstrated the ability to distinguish BPD from MDD, including BPD with depressive onset (BPD-D).
  • PRS findings were successfully replicated in an independent Danish cohort (iPSYCH 2015).

Conclusions:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD), including BPD with depressive onset (BPD-D), are genetically distinct.
  • Findings suggest a continuum of genetic risk across controls, MDD, and BPD patients.
  • Future research with larger sample sizes is needed to refine genetic predictors for differential diagnosis.