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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
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Amorphization Stabilizes Te-Based Aqueous Batteries via Confining Free Water.

Yanyan Zhang1, Wanhai Zhou1, Boya Wang1

  • 1Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Aqueous Battery Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new strategy using ammonium acetate to stabilize tellurium dioxide (TeO2) in aqueous batteries. This improves energy storage by enabling a stable solid-solid transition, boosting capacity and lifespan.

Keywords:
aqueous batteryconfining free watercrystallographic regulation strategymultielectron reactiontellurium redox

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Tellurium (Te) offers high specific capacity for aqueous batteries due to its multiple valence states.
  • Challenges include sluggish kinetics, Te4+ dissolution, and unclear mechanisms for hypervalent Te0/Te4+ electrochemistry.
  • Stable and efficient aqueous tellurium redox chemistry is crucial for developing high-energy batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a crystallographic regulation strategy for robust aqueous tellurium redox electrochemistry.
  • To overcome the limitations of current tellurium-based aqueous batteries.
  • To enable stable hypervalent Te0/Te4+ cycling for enhanced energy storage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) to confine water and induce amorphization of TeO2 (a-TeO2) via hydrogen bonding.
  • Employed in-situ synchrotron characterization, spectroscopy, electrochemical evaluation, and theoretical calculations.
  • Investigated the solid-solid transition pathway between Te and a-TeO2.

Main Results:

  • Revealed a specific 4e- solid-solid transition pathway (Te to a-TeO2) with accelerated kinetics.
  • Demonstrated a high reversible capacity of 834 mAh g-1 with 99% Te redox utilization.
  • Achieved superior rate performance (644 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1) and an ultralong lifespan (>3000 cycles).

Conclusions:

  • The amorphization of TeO2, induced by NH4Ac, facilitates robust aqueous Te redox electrochemistry.
  • The identified solid-solid transition pathway enhances charge transfer and ion diffusion kinetics.
  • This strategy offers a new approach for advancing aqueous tellurium redox chemistry towards high-energy batteries.