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Zerumbone Induces Apoptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via Biomolecular Alterations: A Microscopic
Çağla Zübeyde Köprü1, Burcu Baba2, Dilek Yonar3
1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Abstract:
Zerumbone is a sesquiterpene phytochemical with cytotoxic activity against cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of zerumbone on cell viability by WST-1 test, apoptosis by TUNEL, lipid peroxidation markers (malondialdehyde, MDA, and 4-hydroxynonenal, HNE) by using assay kits, and biomolecular changes by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in A549 cells. After zerumbone (0-100 μM) incubation for 24, 48, and 72 h, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was found to be higher in zerumbone-treated cells than in controls, in consistent with cell morphology results. MDA levels increased significantly, although HNE levels increased non-significantly in zerumbone-treated cells. Spectral analyses revealed that the zerumbone-treated groups had higher levels of total saturated and unsaturated lipids as well as comparatively shorter-chain lipids. On the contrary, reduced RNA/DNA ratio, total nucleic acid, and protein content were found in zerumbone-treated groups. Consequently, zerumbone-induced apoptosis was accompanied by increased aldehyde products during lipid peroxidation as well as biomolecular alterations.
Insights
Zerumbone, a natural compound, triggers cancer cell death (apoptosis) by increasing lipid peroxidation and altering cellular molecules in A549 lung cancer cells.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Zerumbone is a sesquiterpene phytochemical.
- It exhibits cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effects of zerumbone on A549 cell viability, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and biomolecular changes.
Main Methods:
- Cell viability assessed by WST-1 assay.
- Apoptosis detected using TUNEL assay.
- Lipid peroxidation markers (MDA, HNE) quantified via assay kits.
- Biomolecular alterations analyzed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
Main Results:
- Zerumbone treatment increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, indicating apoptosis.
- Significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels observed.
- Elevated levels of saturated and unsaturated lipids, with a shift towards shorter-chain lipids.
- Reduced RNA/DNA ratio, total nucleic acid, and protein content in treated cells.
Conclusions:
- Zerumbone induces apoptosis in A549 cells.
- Apoptosis is associated with increased lipid peroxidation and significant biomolecular alterations.
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