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Distinct Visual Processing Patterns in Female Elite Athletes: A Comparative Study of Gymnastics, Soccer, and Esports

Papatsorn Ramyarangsi1, Simon J Bennett2, Vorasith Siripornpanich3

  • 1College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, THAILAND.

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Summary

Elite athletes show varied visual processing speeds and accuracy based on their sport. Esports athletes have slower frontal processing, gymnasts are fastest, and soccer players are most accurate, highlighting sport-specific adaptations.

Keywords:
Sport-specific adaptationsvisual P300 ERPsvisual attention

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Area of Science:

  • Sports science
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Human movement science

Background:

  • Visual processing is critical for athletic success, impacting reaction times and decision-making.
  • Elite athletes develop specialized cognitive strategies influenced by their sport's demands.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) offer insights into the neural underpinnings of visual processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare visual processing patterns in elite Thai gymnasts, soccer players, and esports athletes.
  • To investigate differences in visual P300 event-related potentials (P300 ERPs) across these athletic groups.
  • To explore the relationship between sport type and specific visual-cognitive performance metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the visual oddball paradigm to elicit P300 ERPs in 42 female elite athletes (14 per sport).
  • Analyzed P300 ERPs data, including waveform amplitude and latency, response time, and accuracy.
  • Employed one-way ANOVA to identify significant differences in visual processing parameters among the groups.

Main Results:

  • Esports athletes displayed longer P300 ERP latencies at frontal sites compared to gymnasts (p=0.01), indicating slower frontal visual processing.
  • Gymnasts achieved significantly faster response times than esports and soccer players (p<0.01).
  • Soccer players demonstrated the highest accuracy rates (p=0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Distinct visual processing patterns exist among elite athletes in different sports, suggesting sport-specific neural adaptations.
  • These findings highlight the diverse cognitive strategies employed by athletes, influenced by their sport's visual demands.
  • Understanding these differences can inform targeted training interventions to enhance cognitive functions and athletic performance.