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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

177
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
177
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

214
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
214
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

76
Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
76
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

53
Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
53
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

127
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
127
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

235
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
235

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Pneumatosis intestinalis: Does it always indicate necrotizing enterocolitis?

Yeşim Coşkun1, Mehmet Ali Özen2, Kalender Kayaş1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Koç University Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye.

The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
|January 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) in neonates may indicate cow's milk protein allergy (CMA), not just necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Early diagnosis and management of CMA can prevent recurrent NEC-like symptoms.

Keywords:
cow’s milk protein allergynecrotizing enterocolitisneonatepneumatosis intestinalis

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Pediatric gastroenterology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare radiological finding, often linked to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates.
  • Cow's milk protein allergy (CMA) is a common allergy in infants, typically presenting after consuming milk-based formulas or through breastfeeding.

Observation:

  • Three neonates with PI were evaluated; two had diagnosed CMA and/or NEC, and one had acute gastroenteritis.
  • Two neonates presented with PI and NEC-like appearance (NEC-LA), with one experiencing multiple episodes.
  • All neonates showed rapid clinical improvement and disease remission after transitioning to an amino acid-based formula.

Findings:

  • Cow's milk protein allergy (CMA) should be considered as a potential cause of PI in neonates, alongside NEC.
  • Case 2 experienced recurrent NEC-LA episodes, suggesting a strong link to CMA.
  • The study proposes that CMA management protocols should guide feeding strategies for recurrent NEC.

Implications:

  • This study suggests reconsidering the diagnostic approach to neonatal PI, incorporating CMA as a differential diagnosis.
  • Early identification and management of CMA may prevent severe gastrointestinal complications in neonates.
  • Implementing CMA management protocols can improve outcomes for neonates with PI and suspected allergies.